I tested the burner, and the main contacts tested OK. I figured it was the switch. However, after replacing the switch didn't fix the problem, I realized that I hadn't checked the epic sensor, which is the extra sensor hanging out of this larger burner.
I then replaced the burner, and noted that the epic sensor was bent up and looked destroyed. It was clearly the problem.
I replaced the burner, and it's been working great ever since!