As suggested by the site, the most likely culprit was a burnt out heating element. I did confirm that my circuit breakers were intact on the 240V line. But because I had to head out of town before I could fully debug, I ordered a heating element, fuse, and thermostat just in case, knowing that AppliancePartPros has their excellent return policy.
When I returned home I opened the dryer and had the heater portion out within 10min. And sure enough, a digital multimeter quickly confirmed non-continuity in the element itself. It was a quick replacement, with the hardest part being flattening out the retainer tabs on the heating element terminals (and bending the new ones) -- you need a pretty thin set of needle nose pliers.
Once replaced and tucked back in, the dryer was good as new! Now off to return the fuse and thermostat that I ended up not needing -- thanks AppliancePartPros!